上周，皇家88娱乐参加了联欢会th meeting of the Conference of Parties (COP) to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the 33rd Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. In 1985, the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer was agreed upon, 随后是蒙特利尔议定书. In 2009, both became universally ratified becoming the first treaties in the history of the United Nations to achieve ratification by all recognized countries of the world. 皇家88娱乐都听说过第26届联合国气候变化大会(COP26)现在正在格拉斯哥举行——但经常如此, 为了减缓全球变暖，许多其他的努力正在幕后进行. 事实证明, the very successful global efforts to protect our ozone layer are hugely important in the fight against climate change. 那么，皇家88娱乐一开始是怎么走到皇家88账户注册一步的? 以及皇家88娱乐正在做些什么来保护臭氧层?
The ozone in the stratosphere blocks ultraviolet (UV) radiation from getting to the troposphere. 结果是, stratospheric ozone is sometimes colloquially referred to as “good” ozone as compared with smog and bad air quality caused by “bad” ozone in the troposphere, 那是皇家88娱乐生活和呼吸的地方. 紫外线辐射增加会导致皮肤癌, 皮肤过早老化和其他皮肤损伤, 白内障, 还有其他眼部损伤, 抑制免疫系统，甚至影响植物, 包括农作物和森林.
消耗臭氧层物质
问题出在某些化学制品上, 统称为臭氧消耗物质, 包括某些灭火剂(称为哈龙), which can get into the stratosphere and cause the catalytic destruction of ozone. This is sometimes referred to as the ozone hole – remember the ‘hole’ that was above Australia or the Antarctic? 在现实中, it’s not a hole but an overall reduction in the quantity of ozone in the whole depth of the stratosphere. 为了保护臭氧层, the Montreal Protocol banned the production of halon and other ozone-depleting substances beginning in the 1990s. Many people can recall the transition away from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) – sometimes referred to their tradename of “freon” – in mobile and residential air conditioning.
为什么皇家88娱乐还在使用消耗臭氧层的物质?
对皇家88娱乐来说 消防与生命安全, it turns out the very worst of these chemicals is the firefighting agent halon 1301. (皇家88账户注册是指碳的编号系统, 氟原子, 氯和溴), 借助社会各界的消防和生命安全, halon 1301 was the first to be banned from production by the Montreal Protocol in 1994 in developed countries and 2010 in developing countries. A big dilemma for finding new halon alternatives after the ban is that the chemistry of catalytic ozone depletion by chlorine and bromine and the chemical extinguishment of fires by chlorine and bromine looks remarkably similar. 用于灭火, bromine has shown itself to be many more times more effective than chlorine, 因此哈龙具有灭火效果. But it is also true for ozone depletion, where bromine is 50 times more effective in depleting ozone. 本质上, if you have chlorine or bromine in the molecule for its fire extinguishment properties, 如果那个分子在对流层中没有分解, 它可以进入平流层. 皇家88账户注册是防止臭氧消耗的一个大问题.
That’s why, all these years later, there is still halon 1301 in use today in several key sectors. 核电站, 油气勘探, 商业运输, civil and military aircraft and combat vehicles are all examples that the 消防与生命安全 community continues to manage. 皇家88账户注册还不是结束.
接下来是什么
It also turns out CFCs and halons are potent greenhouse gases with an impact thousands of times more than CO2. The production phase-out of CFCs and halons made great strides in protecting our climate, 但皇家88娱乐正在做得更多. One of the main halon 1301 alternatives is a high global warming hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) that is part of the overall basket of HFCs with a phase-down of production under the Montreal Protocol in the changes made by the Kigali Amendment. 随着逐步减少的继续, we will leverage all the lessons from the halon production phase-out and ensure 消防与生命安全 needs get met. We at 皇家88账户注册 have been participating in critical technology assessments used by the countries of the Montreal Protocol to make policy decisions since 1989. As we continue to monitor the developments and decisions coming out of COP26, we’ll continue to share our knowledge and contribute to the fight against climate change and halon ozone depletion.