火灾对许多不同类型的船舶都是一个重大威胁. But since the Maersk Honam fire in 2018, there has been a renewed focus on container ship safety. 更大的船, increased cargo carrying capacity combined with smaller crew size, there is no doubt that there is a potential for more fire-related shipping disasters to occur.
Industry leaders are now actively considering the lessons learned from past shipping disasters as well as measures that could be put in place to reduce fire risk or explosion at sea. It is clear that no single solution will solve this problem and a holistic approach must be adopted. But the concept of a safe ship with respect to the fire peril is not beyond reach.
安全船舶概念
任何安全船舶概念的关键要素应该是, 除此之外, 考虑现有的监管框架. The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) is the most significant of all the international conventions dealing with maritime safety. The SOLAS Convention protects maritime workers and ship passengers by providing regulations and standards for the construction, 客货船的设备和操作.
消防, detection and extinction regulations for ships are specifically set out in Chapter II-2 of the SOLAS Convention (Part A, 2)监管. Several nations and maritime industry organizations have argued, 虽然, that amendments are needed to improve the SOLAS fire detection provision and consider better fire control methods for below and above deck cargo. The challenge now facing the industry is the development of new detection and protection measures that are suitable for the challenges ahead.
集装箱船舶的消防挑战与解决方案
While the industry currently recognises the difficulties associated with fire detection on container ships, the operating principals of below deck cargo hold detection systems are reliant on the same design principles as those produced in 1918. 甲板上货物的火灾探测更具挑战性, since it depends on how quickly the fire is discovered by the crew.
Ship design is one factor that can impact a crew’s response to a fire outbreak. Fire control is reliant on the crew’s ability to limit the availability of oxygen or cool the fire through application of water. These tasks are labour intensive and can be even more physically demanding in emergency situations. Because larger ships require more time to muster and deploy firefighting teams, the industry must look to automation to relieve these burdens and improve response time.
Command structure and training of on-board firefighters are also critical components of fire safety on ships. The success of any operation is dependent on the maintenance of a unified command, the absence of which will result in delays in decision making and loss of strategic oversight. Equally, a realistic training program at sea must be considered. 氨等新型燃料带来的新风险, 氢, 电力都会对培训产生影响, 设备, 和资源.
Other fire safety measures that may provide additional protection include on-deck firefighting monitors and external drenchers which can be situated around the structure to help protect the command centre.
接下来是什么?
海上火灾问题没有单一的解决办法, 任何未来的工作都必须考虑监管框架, 船舶设计, 火灾探测与防护, 船员的能力. Information gleaned from investigations of both large and small fire incidents can provide the industry with a greater understanding of fire prevention as well as how to provide a more effective response when the unthinkable does happen.
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